The Presence of Uncertainty in Sport – a Literature Review

"The notions of luck, risk, noise, and uncertainty could be often read in sports-related literature. However, there was not published a study so far that attempts to summarize the differences similarities among them. In this paper, we aim review most influential papers, books carried out relation these concepts. As topic sports literature is quite diverse, therefore, followed method aiming for theory development instead systematic review. Using an alternative methodology enabled us organize existing theories three main categories based on who affected by uncertainty: spectator, athlete, sport level. The finding our paper has distinct consequences at different levels. demand requires certain level from fans' point view maintain outcome. Athletes, other hand, are adversely uncertainty. level, impact results should carefully managed. characterized contradiction. From perspective spectators, adequate amount required interest sport. athletes do prefer which they influence. It up decision-makers establish such regulation can balance with spectators encourage best performance. Keywords: Uncertainty Outcome, Competitive Balance, risk "